发布时间：2016-08-22
大部分做Shipping的应该没有船没来新加坡加过油吧？新加坡油价便宜，港使费也便宜，买油又容易，除了OW倒闭那会油稍微有些紧张，基本上提前一两天都可以买到油（当然数量不能过大，给VLOC加油还是提早做计划吧）。在新加坡加油的港使费有以下几项构成：
- Port charges
a. Pilotage: 这个是由PSA负责，从今年1月1日起又涨了价。
b. Port dues: 这个是由MPA负责，MPA是新加坡的海事局，是政府机关。Tariff可以on-line计算(https://marinet.mpa.gov.sg/psmn2/pc/public_service/calc/vessel_home.action), 输入一些船的资料就可以估算出大概费用，非常实用。
- Agency fee: 一般代理费在SGD600-1000的水平。
- Launch cost (if any) : 如果代理不安排小艇上船就不会产生这笔费用。不过一个round trip也不会太贵，大概400新币左右。跟launch company有contract的可能会更便宜。
- Bunker survey fee (if any) : 如果安排bunker survey就会产生这笔费用。在新加坡加油非常建议安排bunker supply quantity survey (BSQ)，因为cappuccino现象时有发生。
***我是开始讲问题的分割线***
期租合同中的一条船，租家安排船从东边来新加坡加油。正常shifting的路线应该是Eastern Pilot Boarding Ground "A" (EPBGA) – Eastern Working Anchorage (AEW)，大概需要1小时。实际路线是EPBGA – Western Quarantine and Immigration Anchorage (AWQI) – AEW，多用了大概2小时。
SOF 如下：
TIME REMARKS
DAY ONE
2030HRS END OF SEA PASSAGE
2145HRS PILOT ONBOARD TO SHIFT VESSEL TO WESTERN QUARANTINE ANCHORAGE (AWQI) FOR IMMGRATION CLEARANCE
2232HRS VESSEL DROPPED ANCHOR AT WESTERN QUARANTINE ANCHORAGE (AWQI)
2240HRS PILOT DISEMBARKED FROM VESSEL
2300HRS IMMIGRATION ROVING BOAT ALONGSIDE VESSEL
2315HRS IMMIGRATION ROVING BOAT CAST OFF / VESSEL CLEARED IMMIGRATION
DAY TWO
0015HRS PILOT ON BOARD TO SHIFT VESSEL TO EASTERN WORKING ANCHORAGE (AEW)
0225HRS VESSEL DROPPED ANCHOR AT EASTERN WORKING ANCHORAGE (AEW)
0230HRS PASSENGER BOAT ALONGSIDE VESSEL FOR AGENT TO BOARD VESSEL
0235HRS PILOT DISEMBARKED FROM VESSEL
那么，问题来了 ——
Q1: 为什么船要shifting twice?
Q2: 2145HRS-2240HRS 和0015HRS-0235HRS比正常路线多出的about 2hrs pilotage 谁付钱？
***我是答案的分割线***
A1: 按照SOF，从EPBGA到AWQI是为了immigration clearance。但是实际中，大部分的船来新加坡加油是不会被要求physical immigration clearance on board的。“据知情人透露”以下几种情况会被要求physical immigration clearance on board：
a. 船员中有某些国籍的，比如Bangladeshi,Turkish, Egyptian, some Middle East countries and etc;
b. Small ships. How small? Handysize is the small ship. 因为小船相对来讲shifting会比较容易和安全;
此外，additional shifting from AWQI to AEW，也是因为AWQI不允许用来作为bunkering anchorage。
A2：如果是A1提到的原因，
如果我是租家，我会pay compulsory/customary pilotage但是可以argue that additional time and pilotage spent due to crew's nationality is to be for owners' account。
如果我是船东，则我可以argue：
1. 是港口Immigration要求的shifting，我也不知道immigration为啥要求，跟我船东木有关系呢。
2. 你拿我船的时候你已经看到crew list了，我的船员就是multi-nationality啊！
如果用CP clause说话，可以refer to NYPE 46, Line 36-41，租家的观点是站得住脚。
36 1. That the Owners shall provide and pay for all provisions, wages and consular shipping and discharging fees of the Crew; shall pay for the
37 insurance of the vessel, also for all the cabin, deck, engine-room and other necessary stores, including boiler water, and maintain her class and keep
38 the vessel in a thoroughly efficient state in hull, machinery and equipment for and during the service.
39 2. That the Charterers, shall provide and pay for all the fuel except as otherwise agreed, Port Charges, Pilotages, Agencies, Commissions,
40 Consular Charges (except those pertaining to the Crew), and all other usual expenses except those before stated, but when the vessel puts into
41 a port for causes for which vessel is responsible, then all such charges incurred shall be paid by the Owners.
我也赞同租家的观点，这部分的pilotage应该船东承担（以一条28000DWT的handysize来讲，大概additional pilotage约SGD560)，因为是由船员产生的费用。至于时间可否被off-hire，这也是一个争议点，我倾向不可以Off-hire，因为Off-hire条款没有规定船在这种情况可以被off-hire。
实际操作中，真正发生additional shifting due to immigration clearance on board的情况下，五条有三条船的租家都不会提出什么异议，可能是租家觉得这是immgration要求的不可避免就认了，也可能因为数额小被忽略了，无意中就替船东买了单。
